Priced to Rebuild

Tobin’s Q for American housing in 3,100+ counties: market value divided by modeled rebuild cost. Counties above replacement carry a land and scarcity premium; counties below it are worth less than the cost of rebuilding them.

Coverage
Market
ZHVI · Jan 2026
Rebuild
NAHB 2024 + CBP
Size
ACS bedrooms
Fair band
±10%
Edition
County · state map
Colour by
Theme
Actions
Exhibit 01 · Choropleth

Every county, priced against its rebuild cost

Market
ZHVI · Jan 2026
Rebuild $/ft²
NAHB state × CBP wage idx
Size
State avg × bedroom ratio
Coverage
CountyVerdictMarket Size$/ft²Rebuild QPremium

Scroll to zoom · drag to pan · hover for detail · click a county to pin it. Grey counties have no market data.

Exhibit 02 · Ranking

The tails: twelve most overvalued, twelve most discounted

Set
National · 24 counties
Sort
Premium · ascending
Scale
Diverging from zero
CountyVerdictMarketRebuildQPremium

Rows are buttons: select one to locate it on the Exhibit 01 map. Colour encodes premium over rebuild — the heat scale in the legend.

Method & sources

Rebuild cost is modeled, not published. No county-level construction-cost series is public. The county $/ft² and size figures below are documented estimates built on published state anchors — credible for a regional screen, not for appraisals.
  • Market value: Zillow ZHVI county, all homes, January 2026 — the same vintage as the state map. 66 thin rural counties missing from ZHVI use the Census ACS 2024 5-year median owner-estimated value instead, marked *.
  • Build cost: county $/ft² = state NAHB-2024 $/ft² × (0.55 + 0.45 × wage index), where the wage index is county ÷ state mean construction payroll per employee (Census County Business Patterns 2023, NAICS 23), clipped to 0.7–1.6. Labour ≈45% of build cost; materials, equipment and regulation stay at the state level. Suppressed counties fall back to the state figure, marked †.
  • Home size: county ft² = state avg size × (county ÷ state mean bedrooms) from ACS 2024 5-year table B25041, clipped to 0.72–1.35×, marked ‡ where bedrooms were unavailable.
  • Bands: deeply undervalued < −50% · undervalued −50…−20% · slightly undervalued −20…−10% · fairly valued ±10% · overvalued +10…+35% · highly +35…+70% · extremely +70…+150% · superstar > +150%.
  • Sources: Zillow ZHVI county · Census CBP 2023 · ACS 2024 5-year summary file · NAHB 2024 via TXRAC/Homequirer · 2022 American Home Size Index · geometry: us-atlas counties.